Wednesday, September 5, 2007

Summer Reading for our Staff


This past summer, each division was asked to choose a book to read that would support their work in helping children to learn. The administration and Board of Trustees also chose to read and discuss books that would further their knowledge. I thought that you might enjoy learning more about the books that were selected.

Lower School: The First Six Weeks of School by Paula Denton and Roxann Kriete
The First Six Weeks of School is part of the Responsive Classroom approach to teaching and learning. It is a very teacher-friendly book, targeted for grades K-6. Along with our study of differentiated instruction we are discussing effective strategies for instruction and classroom management. This book describes essential habits and procedures to put in place during the beginning weeks of school in order to maximize learning throughout the rest of the year. The book communicates effective establishment of expectations, rules, procedures, and structures to foster an orderly and cooperative learning community. A deliberate and systematic schedule is communicated for teaching students to function with autonomy in a classroom full of freedoms, responsibilities, and choices. The book focuses on four prime factors: 1) a climate and tone of warmth and safety; 2) teaching of the schedule and routines of the school day and expectations for behavior in each of them; 3) introduction of the students to the physical environment and materials in the classroom and the school, and how to use and care for them; 4) expectations about the ways we will learn together in the year ahead.

Middle School: Middle School teachers had the option to read either Ishmael or My Ishmael by Daniel Quinn, and/or Last Child in the Woods, Saving our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, by Richard Louv.

Quinn won the $500,000 Ted Turner Tomorrow Fellowship for Ishmael, the largest prize for a single literary work in history. Ishmael is taught in thousands of schools. It also inspired Pearl Jam’s album, “Yield”, and the major motion picture “Instinct.” (My Ishmael is very similar to Ishmael thematically, except that it offers a dialogue between a 16-year-old girl and Ishmael, the gorilla.)

Quinn offers a way of thinking that calls the reader to consider an amazing paradigm shift that represents a challenge to the “human” being the center of the world. The imaginary dialogue between a gorilla, Ishmael, and the human, is convincing, profound, and extremely challenging to the commonplace thinking of those of us who have “adapted” to the Mother Culture, our world as we mostly know it. The distinction between the Takers and the Leavers in human history is carefully drawn-out by Quinn as a way to determine what cultural/lifestyle orientation is in harmony with the survival of living things on earth and what has taken us down the road of destruction, including self-destruction. Quinn also alludes frequently to the change in the development of culture when we began to “lock-up” our food supplies; this represents an important real and symbolic point from which increases in conflict among humans and with the “natural order” began.

Quinn’s thinking has helped us to begin some important discussions in Middle School about curriculum, teaching methods, relationships, leadership, and common interdisciplinary themes.

Louv has offered a much more “practical” and “graspable” challenge about the needs of our students, their parents, families, and ourselves relative to the time that we allow for imagination, creativity, interaction in and with nature, how we structure (or over-structure) time, and how good teaching and learning happens “indoors” vs. “out-of-doors.”

The Middle School faculty has set the goal during this school year to communicate with our families about Louv’s work. We will be encouraging parents to read Louv’s book or some of his articles. We will likely schedule one or more opportunities to sit with parents and discuss the implications of Louv’s contentions regarding “nature-deficit disorder.”

Upper School: Activating a Desire to Learn, by Bob Sullo
Activating a Desire to Learn presents the theory of internal motivation as an alternative to education’s time-worn external motivational reward-punishment model. The book outlines humans’ need to: connect, be competent, make choices, and have fun. It uses a combination of theory and case studies and provides guidelines for integrating the principles of internal control/motivation with standards-based instruction.

Administrative Staff: A Whole New Mind, by Daniel Pink
A Whole New Mind describes the growing importance of “right-brain” thinking, which deals with creativity and empathy. Pink's premise is that creative thinking which incorporates design and social/emotional concerns will dominate the future as we move from a society of scarcity to one of plenty. He points out that this is already happening when stores like Target and Wal Mart stock electronics, appliances and clothing from "upscale" famous designers. He claims that more and more people are looking for aesthetics and functionality in what they purchase and use. The implications are that we need to design curriculum that supports students in developing greater “right-brain” skills.

Board of Trustees: The 10 Lenses, Your Guide to Living & Working in a Multicultural World, by Mark A. Williams
Mark Williams is the founder and CEO of The Diversity Channel and works with organizations throughout the world on issues of diversity and multiculturalism. His book offers ten lenses that he believes people use to view issues of race, culture, national, and ethnic differences in this country. He devotes one chapter to each lens as he describes such views as the Assimilationist, who believes that everyone should act like a true-blue American; the Culturalcentrist, who believes that a person’s race or ethnicity is central to their personal and public identity; the Meritocratist, who is sure that if you have the abilities and work hard enough you can make your dreams come true regardless of race or culture; and the Victim/Caretaker, who believes that because of bias they will never succeed.


1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Last Child in the Woods --
Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder,
by Richard Louv
Michael J. Vandeman, Ph.D.
November 16, 2006

In this eloquent and comprehensive work, Louv makes a convincing case for ensuring that children (and adults) maintain access to pristine natural areas, and even, when those are not available, any bit of nature that we can preserve, such as vacant lots. I agree with him 100%. Just as we never really outgrow our need for our parents (and grandparents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, cousins, etc.), humanity has never outgrown, and can never outgrow, our need for the companionship and mutual benefits of other species.

But what strikes me most about this book is how Louv is able, in spite of 310 pages of text, to completely ignore the two most obvious problems with his thesis: (1) We want and need to have contact with other species, but neither we nor Louv bother to ask whether they want to have contact with us! In fact, most species of wildlife obviously do not like having humans around, and can thrive only if we leave them alone! Or they are able tolerate our presence, but only within certain limits. (2) We and Louv never ask what type of contact is appropriate! He includes fishing, hunting, building "forts", farming, ranching, and all other manner of recreation. Clearly, not all contact with nature leads to someone becoming an advocate and protector of wildlife. While one kid may see a beautiful area and decide to protect it, what's to stop another from seeing it and thinking of it as a great place to build a house or create a ski resort? Developers and industrialists must come from somewhere, and they no doubt played in the woods with the future environmentalists!

It is obvious, and not a particularly new idea, that we must experience wilderness in order to appreciate it. But it is equally true, though ("conveniently") never mentioned, that we need to stay out of nature, if the wildlife that live there are to survive. I discuss this issue thoroughly in the essay, "Wildlife Need Habitat Off-Limits to Humans!", at http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande/india3.

It should also be obvious (but apparently isn't) that how we interact with nature determines how we think about it and how learn to treat it. Remember, children don't learn so much what we tell them, but they learn very well what they see us do. Fishing, building "forts", mountain biking, and even berry-picking teach us that nature exists for us to exploit. Luckily, my fort-building career was cut short by a bee-sting! As I was about to cut down a tree to lay a third layer of logs on my little log cabin in the woods, I took one swing at the trunk with my axe, and immediately got a painful sting (there must have been a bee-hive in the tree) and ran away as fast as I could.

On page 144 Louv quotes Rasheed Salahuddin: "Nature has been taken over by thugs who care absolutely nothing about it. We need to take nature back." Then he titles his next chapter "Where Will Future Stewards of Nature Come From?" Where indeed? While fishing may bring one into contact with natural beauty, that message can be eclipsed by the more salient one that the fish exist to pleasure and feed humans (even if we release them after we catch them). (My fishing career was also short-lived, perhaps because I spent most of the time either waiting for fish that never came, or untangling fishing line.) Mountain bikers claim that they are "nature-lovers" and are "just hikers on wheels". But if you watch one of their helmet-camera videos, it is easy to see that 99.44% of their attention must be devoted to controlling their bike, or they will crash. Children initiated into mountain biking may learn to identify a plant or two, but by far the strongest message they will receive is that the rough treatment of nature is acceptable. It's not!

On page 184 Louv recommends that kids carry cell phones. First of all, cell phones transmit on essentially the same frequency as a microwave oven, and are therefore hazardous to one's health –- especially for children, whose skulls are still relatively thin. Second, there is nothing that will spoil one's experience of nature faster than something that reminds one of the city and the "civilized" world. The last thing one wants while enjoying nature is to be reminded of the world outside. Nothing will ruin a hike or a picnic faster than hearing a radio or the ring of a cell phone, or seeing a headset, cell phone, or mountain bike. I've been enjoying nature for over 60 years, and can't remember a single time when I felt a need for any of these items.

It's clear that we humans need to reduce our impacts on wildlife, if they, and hence we, are to survive. But it is repugnant and arguably inhumane to restrict human access to nature. Therefore, we need to practice minimal-impact recreation (i.e., hiking only), and leave our technology (if we need it at all!) at home. In other words, we need to decrease the quantity of contact with nature, and increase the quality.

References:

Ehrlich, Paul R. and Ehrlich, Anne H., Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearances of Species. New York: Random House, 1981.

Errington, Paul L., A Question of Values. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1987.

Flannery, Tim, The Eternal Frontier -- An Ecological History of North America and Its Peoples. New York: Grove Press, 2001.

Foreman, Dave, Confessions of an Eco-Warrior. New York: Harmony Books, 1991.

Knight, Richard L. and Kevin J. Gutzwiller, eds. Wildlife and Recreationists. Covelo, California: Island Press, 1995.

Noss, Reed F. and Allen Y. Cooperrider, Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Island Press, Covelo, California, 1994.

Stone, Christopher D., Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1973.

Vandeman, Michael J., http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande, especially http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande/ecocity3, http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande/india3, http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande/sc8, and http://home.pacbell.net/mjvande/goodall.

Ward, Peter Douglas, The End of Evolution: On Mass Extinctions and the Preservation of Biodiversity. New York: Bantam Books, 1994.

"The Wildlands Project", Wild Earth. Richmond, Vermont: The Cenozoic Society, 1994.

Wilson, Edward O., The Future of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.